Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Environmental Impact on Retail Estate Business
Natural Impact on Retail Estate Business What limited time systems can be attempted when natural components influence land business? Contextual analysis of ââ¬Å"Magical Homes in London and Dubaiâ⬠Dynamic Land business is one of greatest market of the business world, contained the biggest excess cash of the business. The historical backdrop of the land business is extremely peculiar and capricious. Almost certainly is moderate moving industry concerning time yet it conveys a ton. Past encounters shows that property speculation was the first and most secure need in everywhere throughout the world for long haul ventures and benefit making business. Where the property financial specialists has seen the enormous benefits there was additionally a droops in the property advertise which made the land business a mysterious business. There were number of ecological variables behinds the vulnerability of the land business which impacted looking like downturn, cataclysmic events, monetary condition, political shakiness and some time looking like game like Olympics hit the land advertise decidedly and contrarily. On time choices and viable administration can make things simpler. Advancement plans and systems can decreased the effect of ecological factors on the land business. This investigation was about educated the past encounters and to discover the effect of new natural factor and their impacted on the land showcase. The points of the examination was to taken in the conduct of the natural factors in the advanced age with deference of strategically, financially, sociologically, innovatively and lawfully. Indeed, even in the advanced world an other developing variable was the facilitating of games like Olympics and most noticeably terrible factor in the history was the downturn which impacted the land advertise in surprising habits. The destinations of the investigation was to examine the limited time plans and procedures which could be the best arrangement to diminished the effect of such natural variables and to upgrade the accept of the financial specialists and manufacturer to approach and join the world driving business for tremendous benefits and picking up. The on time choices and the recommended methodology can bring the venture up in the land business. The end and suggestion can clarify the objectivity of the examination in an exhaustive way. Section one 1 Introduction Land property business has its very own fascinating history. It is an unsure and capricious market and as a result of its weirdness, this global business advertise is beguiling for speculators and business people. The interests in this market generally a lot higher than anticipated hence an enormous overflow of cash is as yet lying around here market. In spite of ongoing horrible accident of land business, despite everything got an enormous venture to spend. Individuals visiting the world over for harmony and searching for extravagance living at least expense or moderate expense, So clients and financial specialists need to know the good and bad times of the market in the reflection of past, present and future, most likely its not completely feasible however at any rate the exploration like this can make the speculators smarter and unsurprising and they can think either their ventures are right way or they going to settle on a moronic choice. There are number of elements which impact the land advertise legitimately and in a roundabout way. This examination would be the thorough conversation of these natural components like area, sort of land, climate, culture, dialects and lawful property laws of that specific state. This examination would be an upheaval in the comprehension of land property business. Moderate plans, advancements and promotion can assist with controlling the speculators the correct way. In todays land advertise each financial specialist is searching at a serious cost to increase a benefit just as the specialist organization should be the answerable for the effective conveyance of the venture, after deals bolster administrations, devoted favorable circumstances comes in houses, course of action of resale of the property, game plan of rental administrations and every single other methodology which intended to help the speculator so as to boost the arrival on speculations. So this sort of procedures can be attempted so as to pick up trust of financial specialists. 1.1 Background of the investigation The current circumstance of land property business is significant after a horrendous downturn (2008-2009) in everywhere throughout the world. The monetary state of the world created nations is poor and attempting to show signs of improvement condition for speculations. This circumstance makes a compotation between the land goliaths yet here the circumstance is diverse as we saw, State of Emirates showing signs of improvement and have a sound situation as far as land property business contaminate Dubai got the fascination of the world financial specialists and business visionaries since its past arranging and consideration in this market. Free hold property law of Emirates in 2003 has transformed from its current condition and they are changing the guide of the world looking like rich living, huge retreats of islands, treats manors, world tallest structures, submerged lodging and a lot more attractions made land property business in ââ¬ËDubai an incredible example of overcoming adversity. Then again in London circumstance has changed. After a horrible downturn of (2008-2009) which worstly affected United Kingdom than European Union .UK is an immense economy of the world and has the chance to lead the world. The land property business in this nation had confronted the most exceedingly awful ever condition however now it is showing signs of improvement step by step and it is going towards the pinnacle point again. UK got the chance to have the Olympics 2012 in London. Olympics 2012 such an immense venture with working expense of à £580 millions and it could be increment than the normal expense. Examination of land market of rising city Dubai and created nation UK has brought up numerous issues in the psyche of financial specialists, as an ideal opportunity to time the two nations has hit by the natural variables like monetary components, political elements, social elements, social and legitimate factor. The unsure circumstance of land advertise has made an affordable emergency, on the grounds that the money related organizations got harder, the banks got stricter and this circumstance has influenced the expected financial specialists. In this circumstance land organizations and the financial specialists needs to embrace the alluring and moderate advancement designs that can build up the enthusiasm of speculators and purchasers. Proposals plans and techniques can assist with decreasing the effect of ecological factors on the matter of land advertise. 1.2 Research Background Jones, Lang, Lassalle entitled has given a report called ââ¬ËReaching Beyond the Gold: The Impact of the Olympics on Real Estate Markets analyzes the effect of arranging the Olympics on late host urban communities and looks forward to 2012.It shows that game like this has an effect on the land property business as well as on the each foundation of the nation. Past encounters shows a positive effect on the property like the costs of property in Sydney is as yet rising and even the prises are half higher than previously. So the significant effect of occasions like Olympics is on land property business which could be useful to improve the costs of property after downturn. London and Dubai, both of the urban areas have their own element in the market of land property business. Past encounters demonstrated that the individuals of the urban zones have been moving towards country zones and there were various purposes for this movement. Indeed, even in a decade ago individuals like to purchase or lease their properties in nations like Dubai. In the event of city like London the circumstance will change due to the ecological factor has changed the monetary, political, social and legitimate states of the nation. UK has improved financially in most recent couple of months and the land advertise showing signs of improvement particularly in London and speculators has risen significantly since downturn over and being the host city of Olympics. 1.3 Organization Background This examination has a contextual investigation of ââ¬Å"Magical homes Dubaiâ⬠, is a London based organization, who managing the speculators from all around the globe, they offering them counsel in off-plan, resale, leasing or purchasing property. They are offering their administrations in UAE and particularly in Dubai for purchasing, selling, leasing, exchanging of houses, loft, workplaces, manors and business spaces. ââ¬ËMagical homes Dubai offered types of assistance to the clients from most recent ten years, is a specialist in giving venture property in UAE and London. Furthermore furnishing financial specialists with selective and the uniqueness in furnishing profoundly looked for after property choice with the best client care is the center activity. 1.4 Rationale for the picked subject The primary explanation of the point to be picked that the interest of the calling and the extent of calling are extremely high in spite of awful turns land property business has a huge field of business. Living of individuals has changed totally and its need to change further in future which opens the new skylines in land property business. Contaminate both the created and immature nations have a gigantic market in land business and its developing step by step with entry of increment in populace of the world, at the end of the day cover is the essential need of life and its never gone to end. So its a calling of life and it has a wide degree in universal business. As of now in the event that investigate patterns and advancements of any nation, at that point its simple to state that the land property business plays an indispensable standard in evaluation of the countrys financial condition. The land property business relies upon various ecological elements which are critical to study and need to have a decent information about so the speculation should be put resources into the ideal spot, for this reason for kn
Saturday, August 22, 2020
My Personal Leadership Philosophy Free Essays
In building up my own authority theory, I previously analyzed what administration intends to me most and as a pioneer. Administration can be characterized separate ways and fluctuates from individual to individual. The meaning of administration I focus on bases on being who I am. We will compose a custom exposition test on My Personal Leadership Philosophy or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now My initiative way of thinking is formed by numerous expert and individual qualities, information on self, regard, correspondence, difficult work devotion, worker administration, development learning, and family love. These expert and individual qualities drove me to produce my meaning of administration: Before an individual can be a pioneer, they should know what their identity is. Authority is turning into the individual you need to be and driving others to become who they need to be. I accept administration is something beyond having supporters, it is moving devotees to seek after their objectives, their mutual reason; itââ¬â¢s urging others to accomplish a dream. Information on Self My administration reasoning is formed by numerous individual qualities and the first is information on self. I accept that until you know yourself first, you can't meet your maximum capacity as a pioneer. I additionally realize that without supporters, there would be no pioneer. The best thing I can do as a pioneer, is to recognize who I am first. For me to do that, I have to characterize what my central goal is throughout everyday life. My main goal is to be benevolent and consistent with myself. I will try to look of the positive qualities in others and treat others with affection, benevolence, sympathy, and regard. I will make a feeling of direction and carry importance to my regular like paying little mind to how frequently I come up short. I guarantee to never abandon myself, my fantasies and my objectives. I need to impact others to seek after their fantasies, their objectives they imagine for what's to come. I need to show my kids to love and snicker, to learn and develop past their present desires. At long last, to experience existence with a grin all over consistently and take a gander at the bright side of everything. To express profound gratitude to God somehow or another, consistently. Regard Procuring admiration of others can be difficult to achieve as a pioneer, yet it must be the establishment of any relationship (individual, gathering, or working). In regarding others, both the pioneer and supporter must have the option to offer guidance and acknowledge criticism from one another and contemplate these things before deciding. While regard can be a hard undertaking to accomplish, as a pioneer, I should display a degree of liberality and comprehend the perspectives of others. Correspondence One significant part of being a fruitful pioneer, is having compelling relational abilities. To be a decent pioneer, it additionally includes being a decent audience. At the point when others around me set aside the effort to convey their assessments to me or simply talk with me all in all, I should tune in and give them my full focus. Keeping up open correspondence with my colleagues or working in a gathering is a key to be a fruitful pioneer. I additionally feel that you can't convey well, other will experience issues with comprehend what heading they ought to be going. It is additionally significant that adherents realize that they can come to you whenever, when they need help, counsel or to offer thoughts that they might want to share. Difficult work ; Dedication Being a pioneer isn't a simple undertaking. Itââ¬â¢s not something that is simply given to you. Attempting to get adherents, spur them, offering help can be an exceptionally overwhelming assignment. Notwithstanding, pioneers quite often run into difficulties that they should confront, that occasionally prompts disappointment. However, as a pioneer, you should have commitment to not get disheartened or surrender and show they you are happy to propel yourself, rethink the circumstance and push ahead as fundamental. Worker Leadership As per Greenleaf, he expresses that, ââ¬Å"the worker pioneer is hireling first. He implied that the longing to serve, the ââ¬Å"servantââ¬â¢s heart,â⬠is a crucial attribute of a hireling head. It isn't tied in with being servile, it is tied in with needing to help others,â⬠(The Servant First, 2018). I accept that I am a worker head as Greenleaf recognizes. I am a pioneer needs to help other people. I donââ¬â¢t get things done to profit myself. I appreciate heling others discovers assets or ways that may support them. I urge others to be as well as can be expected be; seek after their fantasies and simply appreciate life. I accept that it is my obligation to help other people, my collaborators, the understudies, my companions, and family. Since filling in as a clerical specialist in the Deans office at Texas Wesleyan University (TWU), I ended up going well beyond my every day obligations in helping workforce, staff, and understudies. It is as I would see it my commitment to help other people, not on the grounds that itââ¬â¢s my activity or Iââ¬â¢m getting paid, itââ¬â¢s in light of the fact that I need to, and it causes me to feel great to realize that I am having any kind of effect in someoneââ¬â¢s life. I am there to serve the workforce, staff, and understudies and help them with their necessities. Development Learning Notwithstanding, a pioneer ought to be keeping seeking after open doors for development and learning. It implies searching out assets to assist you with continueing to develop and learn inside your vocation or life. It additionally involves being consistent with what your identity is and recognizing your qualities. As a pioneer we as a whole slip-up, yet we should acknowledge obligation, right the slip-ups and keep those slip-ups from repeating. Family Love The last close to home estimation that has helped shared my authority theory is family and love. Alongside my expert qualities, I trust you should have individual qualities that characterize you as a pioneer. It is critical to have time your family and time with yourself. It is additionally basic to have an enthusiasm and love for your work, yet you have to likewise have as much as affection for your loved ones. I care for all the individuals at my organization and I let them realize that. I never go a solitary day without telling my children and mother the amount I give it a second thought and love them. I trust it is imperative to have a fabulous time in my life. End All in all, turning into a pioneer is a lifetime of work, itââ¬â¢s not something we are brought into the world with or occurs with a year. Being an extraordinary pioneer implies advancing these expert and individual qualities and finishing a dream. As a pioneer, I need to affect the lives of others and help them to become who they endeavor to be. We have an arrived at a period where consistently we are learning new aptitudes and abilities for initiative. in each choice we make, we realize when we understand it or not. Generally speaking, I trust I have all the qualities set up that I will have the option to accomplish to assist me with turning into a fruitful pioneer. The most effective method to refer to My Personal Leadership Philosophy, Papers
Friday, August 21, 2020
Summer 2011 Intership Post #1 Mynor Godoy COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog
Summer 2011 Intership Post #1 Mynor Godoy COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog All MIA and MPA students at SIPA complete thirty weeks of professional development during their two year program. Fifteen weeks is comprised of an internship and fifteen weeks is comprised of a group project referred to as a workshop or capstone project. SIPA offers no summer classes and this allows our students the opportunity to complete their full time internship anywhere in the world. There are several SIPA students working in the Admissions Office this year. The blog will feature a post written by each of them describing what they did over the summer. The entries should provide a glimpse of the exceptional individuals in our program and the various professional opportunities they engage in over the summer. This first entry was written by Mynor Godoy, an MIA student concentrating in International Security Policy. Recreating Realities Through Art For many Americans, perceptions of Latin America are often tied to violence, corruption and poverty. Many of these views are derived from and enforced by media coverage of the war on drugs, among other things. Colombia is considered one of those dangerous places. The United States and Colombia officially declared a war against drugs in the late 80s. The city of Medellin, Colombia was usually in the spotlight because of its most notorious resident Pablo Escobar. However, for Colombians, the war on drugs only perpetuated the cycle of violence that had been plaguing the country for years. While Colombia has been considered a perfect conflict resolution case study by some, there does not seem to be much resolution. In contrast, cities like Medellin have experienced a transformation of conflicts characterized by a recycling of violence. What better place to spend summer and put my conflict resolution skills to the test, right? I decided to attend SIPA specifically because of its International Security Policy concentration and Conflict Resolution Specialization. As an undergraduate at the University of California, Irvine, I developed an interest in the phenomenon of youth gangs and was able to do research on the transnational gang Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13). Even though I had some experience, I was surprised that at SIPA, I was funneled from a classroom course and into the field so quickly. I secured an internship with Fundación Mi Sangre in Medellin thanks in part to Professor Aldo Civico, who taught âTheories and Methods of Conflict Resolution.â At SIPA, professors are the leaders in their respective fields and are valuable resources for their students. With his extensive experience working in Colombia, Professor Civico knew of plenty of organizations that fit my interests. Fundación Mi Sangre is a local, arts-based non-profit that was started in Medellin by Colombian musician Juanes. Its mission is to help victims of landmines and internally displaced people in the cities of Colombia. It is one of the leading peace-building organizations in Colombia and it has offices throughout the country. Medellin was not the city that came to mind when I started my internship search, but after talking with the director, it was a no-brainer. Mi Sangre was a fusion of all the things I was passionate about: education, at-risk youth, community advocacy, and art. They were in the process of launching a new program known as âPazalobienâ and they wanted me to assist with their research on the role art can play in the construction of peace. Due to the years of conflict in Colombia, Medellin has one of the largest populations of displaced people in the country. Since the city is located in a densely populated valley, there was no place for the displaced people from the countryside or coast. These displaced people have been forced to build their homes on the mountainsides. Entire hillsides have turned red, as brick homes have overrun the lush grassy slopes. These areas, known as comunas, are very similar to the favelas in Brazil or the ghettos of the United States. The harsh realities of comuna life are twofold: the residents there have to worry about adjusting to the social problems posed by their new surroundings, and they also live in constant fear of the combos or gangs that operate in the comunas. These groups are made up of guerrilla, paramilitary and cartel influences. They have established lineas invisibles or âinvisible linesâ that cannot be crossed. Violent turf wars keep residents locked inside their home s. This form of urban warfare has claimed many young lives in the comunas. The combos even threaten parents with death if they donât give at least one child to the gang. Ultimately, many families end up leaving, resulting in a population of people that have been displaced numerous times. In this context, Mi Sangre has partnered with a local organization called Circo Momo to help youth living in the comunas cope with the violence and create new opportunities. Circo Momo is an organization made up of sociologists and psychologists interested in the arts, which they use as a means to do social work and help rehabilitate youth who may have been victims of violence or abuse. The technique is simple enough; participating schools have one day dedicated to art in every class, from kindergarten to high school and ranging from literature to science. Staff at Circo Momo implement project-based learning and bring a framework for the day, but allow students to choose the subject. One example was the kindergarten class in Comuna 5 where the students were fascinated with robots. The Circo Momo staff structured their sculpture lesson around robots. Each student made a robot out of clay and was then asked to place the robots in the middle of their table. They would then discuss the r obot family that had just been created. Each family was different and students would then be asked to decide who was the dad, who was the mom, and so on. In this way students learned to work together and accept differences. More importantly, they were able to discuss what a family was and the type of relationships families foster. Slowly, these types of projects are helping Medellin heal from the wounds of the conflict and build a generation of students that can tell Medellinâs history from a different perspective. Their perspective will be peace. These youth groups are also supported by the Mayorâs office on Cultural Affairs, not just Mi Sangre, and the strong emphasis on social works projects seems to be a valuable investment. Yet, these youth groups were not moved into action because of a small influx of funding. Rather, they were working in their communities and trying to change their neighborhoods before the funding even came. They understood that there were alternatives to doing drugs or stealing. However, without the financial support, their organizing efforts would have been limited only to their single comuna and their sphere of influence would be much more limited. My internship experience helped me to see that working with youth in conflict zones is my calling. During the course of my internship, I would start work at 8 AM in the offices of Mi Sangre, and then head out to interview leaders or visit classrooms in the comunas, then head to youth group meetings, and finally visit hip-hop groups that met at night around the city. I returned to my apartment at 11 PM, exhausted mentally, emotionally and physically, but with an overwhelming sense of fulfillment and accomplishment. The work that I did in Medellin demonstrated that reconciliation and reconstruction are possible in conflict zones. In short, a better world is possible. Augusto Restrepo, a representative from the Mayorâs Office on Cultural Affairs, put it the best, âWhen you ask me if peace is possible? These kids demonstrate that it is because if it wasnât, they would not be in the comunas.â It is hard to find a stronger argument for the powerful role that art plays in constructi ng peace. The youth living in the comunas are leading a revolution; they are recreating their communities and constructing a new reality â" all without ever picking up a gun.
Summer 2011 Intership Post #1 Mynor Godoy COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog
Summer 2011 Intership Post #1 Mynor Godoy COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog All MIA and MPA students at SIPA complete thirty weeks of professional development during their two year program. Fifteen weeks is comprised of an internship and fifteen weeks is comprised of a group project referred to as a workshop or capstone project. SIPA offers no summer classes and this allows our students the opportunity to complete their full time internship anywhere in the world. There are several SIPA students working in the Admissions Office this year. The blog will feature a post written by each of them describing what they did over the summer. The entries should provide a glimpse of the exceptional individuals in our program and the various professional opportunities they engage in over the summer. This first entry was written by Mynor Godoy, an MIA student concentrating in International Security Policy. Recreating Realities Through Art For many Americans, perceptions of Latin America are often tied to violence, corruption and poverty. Many of these views are derived from and enforced by media coverage of the war on drugs, among other things. Colombia is considered one of those dangerous places. The United States and Colombia officially declared a war against drugs in the late 80s. The city of Medellin, Colombia was usually in the spotlight because of its most notorious resident Pablo Escobar. However, for Colombians, the war on drugs only perpetuated the cycle of violence that had been plaguing the country for years. While Colombia has been considered a perfect conflict resolution case study by some, there does not seem to be much resolution. In contrast, cities like Medellin have experienced a transformation of conflicts characterized by a recycling of violence. What better place to spend summer and put my conflict resolution skills to the test, right? I decided to attend SIPA specifically because of its International Security Policy concentration and Conflict Resolution Specialization. As an undergraduate at the University of California, Irvine, I developed an interest in the phenomenon of youth gangs and was able to do research on the transnational gang Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13). Even though I had some experience, I was surprised that at SIPA, I was funneled from a classroom course and into the field so quickly. I secured an internship with Fundación Mi Sangre in Medellin thanks in part to Professor Aldo Civico, who taught âTheories and Methods of Conflict Resolution.â At SIPA, professors are the leaders in their respective fields and are valuable resources for their students. With his extensive experience working in Colombia, Professor Civico knew of plenty of organizations that fit my interests. Fundación Mi Sangre is a local, arts-based non-profit that was started in Medellin by Colombian musician Juanes. Its mission is to help victims of landmines and internally displaced people in the cities of Colombia. It is one of the leading peace-building organizations in Colombia and it has offices throughout the country. Medellin was not the city that came to mind when I started my internship search, but after talking with the director, it was a no-brainer. Mi Sangre was a fusion of all the things I was passionate about: education, at-risk youth, community advocacy, and art. They were in the process of launching a new program known as âPazalobienâ and they wanted me to assist with their research on the role art can play in the construction of peace. Due to the years of conflict in Colombia, Medellin has one of the largest populations of displaced people in the country. Since the city is located in a densely populated valley, there was no place for the displaced people from the countryside or coast. These displaced people have been forced to build their homes on the mountainsides. Entire hillsides have turned red, as brick homes have overrun the lush grassy slopes. These areas, known as comunas, are very similar to the favelas in Brazil or the ghettos of the United States. The harsh realities of comuna life are twofold: the residents there have to worry about adjusting to the social problems posed by their new surroundings, and they also live in constant fear of the combos or gangs that operate in the comunas. These groups are made up of guerrilla, paramilitary and cartel influences. They have established lineas invisibles or âinvisible linesâ that cannot be crossed. Violent turf wars keep residents locked inside their home s. This form of urban warfare has claimed many young lives in the comunas. The combos even threaten parents with death if they donât give at least one child to the gang. Ultimately, many families end up leaving, resulting in a population of people that have been displaced numerous times. In this context, Mi Sangre has partnered with a local organization called Circo Momo to help youth living in the comunas cope with the violence and create new opportunities. Circo Momo is an organization made up of sociologists and psychologists interested in the arts, which they use as a means to do social work and help rehabilitate youth who may have been victims of violence or abuse. The technique is simple enough; participating schools have one day dedicated to art in every class, from kindergarten to high school and ranging from literature to science. Staff at Circo Momo implement project-based learning and bring a framework for the day, but allow students to choose the subject. One example was the kindergarten class in Comuna 5 where the students were fascinated with robots. The Circo Momo staff structured their sculpture lesson around robots. Each student made a robot out of clay and was then asked to place the robots in the middle of their table. They would then discuss the r obot family that had just been created. Each family was different and students would then be asked to decide who was the dad, who was the mom, and so on. In this way students learned to work together and accept differences. More importantly, they were able to discuss what a family was and the type of relationships families foster. Slowly, these types of projects are helping Medellin heal from the wounds of the conflict and build a generation of students that can tell Medellinâs history from a different perspective. Their perspective will be peace. These youth groups are also supported by the Mayorâs office on Cultural Affairs, not just Mi Sangre, and the strong emphasis on social works projects seems to be a valuable investment. Yet, these youth groups were not moved into action because of a small influx of funding. Rather, they were working in their communities and trying to change their neighborhoods before the funding even came. They understood that there were alternatives to doing drugs or stealing. However, without the financial support, their organizing efforts would have been limited only to their single comuna and their sphere of influence would be much more limited. My internship experience helped me to see that working with youth in conflict zones is my calling. During the course of my internship, I would start work at 8 AM in the offices of Mi Sangre, and then head out to interview leaders or visit classrooms in the comunas, then head to youth group meetings, and finally visit hip-hop groups that met at night around the city. I returned to my apartment at 11 PM, exhausted mentally, emotionally and physically, but with an overwhelming sense of fulfillment and accomplishment. The work that I did in Medellin demonstrated that reconciliation and reconstruction are possible in conflict zones. In short, a better world is possible. Augusto Restrepo, a representative from the Mayorâs Office on Cultural Affairs, put it the best, âWhen you ask me if peace is possible? These kids demonstrate that it is because if it wasnât, they would not be in the comunas.â It is hard to find a stronger argument for the powerful role that art plays in constructi ng peace. The youth living in the comunas are leading a revolution; they are recreating their communities and constructing a new reality â" all without ever picking up a gun.
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